Last updated 1/30/2001
The page provides links to on-line papers about geoid models.
Milbert, D.G., 1998: Documentation for the GPS Benchmark Data Set of 23-July-98, IGeS Bulletin N. 8, International Geoid Service, Milan, pp. 29-42.
Milbert, D.G., 1997: An Accuracy Assessment of the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model for the State of Ohio. Unnumbered Report, February 1997, Geodetic Services Division, National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD., 51pp.
Milbert, D.G., 1995: National Report for the United States of America. In: Activity Report 1991-1995 of the International Geoid Commission (IGeC), Edited: H. Sunkel., Technical University Graz, Austria, pp. 89-101.
Milbert, D.G., 1991: Computing GPS-derived orthometric heights with the GEOID90 geoid height model. Technical Papers of the 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention, Atlanta, Oct. 28 to Nov. 1, 1991. American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Washington, D.C., pp. A46-55.
Milbert, D.G. and D.A. Smith, 1996: Converting GPS Height into NAVD 88 Elevation with the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model . Proceedings of GIS/LIS '96 Annual Conference and Exposition, Denver, November 19-21, 1996, American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Washington, D.C., pp. 681-692.
Roman, D.R., 2001:
Development of the North American Gravimetric
Geoid: Adapting the Process to Determine a Unified Central American Geoid.
Presented at the IAG Scientific Assembly's session on Vertical Datums in
Budapest, Hungary from September 2-8, 2001.
Roman, D.R., 1999: An integrated geophysical investigation of Greenland's tectonic history, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Geological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 270 pp.
Roman, D.R., B. Csatho, K.C. Jezek, R.H. Thomas, W.B. Krabill, R.R.B. von Frese and R. Forsberg, 1997: A comparison of geoid undulations for west central Greenland, Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 102, n. B2, pp. 2807-2814.
Roman, D.R. and D.A. Smith, 2000, Recent investigations toward achieving a one centimeter geoid, presented at GGG2000 session 9 of the IAG Symposium in Banff, Alberta, Canada from July 31 - August 4, 2000.
Roman, D.R., Y.M. Wang, W. Henning, and J. Hamilton, 2004: Assessment of the New National Geoid Height Model, GEOID03 , Proceedings of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping 2004 meeting.
Smith, D.A., 1998: There is no such thing as "The" EGM96 geoid: Subtle points on the use of a global geopotential model, IGeS Bulletin N. 8, International Geoid Service, Milan, 1998, pp. 17-28.
Smith, D.A. and D.G. Milbert, 1999: The GEOID96 high resolution geoid height model for the United States, Journal of Geodesy, V. 73, N. 5, pp. 219-236.
Smith, D.A. and D.G. Milbert, 1997: Evaluation of the EGM96 Model of the Geopotential in the United States , IGeS Bulletin N. 6 "The Earth Gravity Model EGM96: Testing Procedures at IGeS", International Geoid Service, Milan, pp. 33-46.
Smith, D.A. and D.G. Milbert, 1997: Evaluation of Preliminary Models of the Geopotential in the United States , IGeS Bulletin N. 6 "The Earth Gravity Model EGM96: Testing Procedures at IGeS", International Geoid Service, Milan, pp. 7-32.
Smith, D.A. and H.J. Small, 1999: The CARIB97 high resolution geoid height model for the Caribbean Sea, Journal of Geodesy, V. 73, N. 1, pp. 1-9.
Smith, D.A., and D.R. Roman, 2000:
Recent Advances in the Acquisition and Use of Terrain Data for Geoid Modelling
over the United States, presented at IAG Session G3/W of the IUGG meeting
in Birmingham, England from July 18 - 30, 1999.
Vanicek, Petr, 2001, An Online Tutorial in Geodesy, AP Encyclopedia of Science and Technology (in press).
Kuroishi, Yuki, 1996: Precise Gravimetric Determination of Geoid in the Vicinity of Japan. Bulletin of the Geographical Survey Institute, V.41, GSI, Tokyo, Japan, March, 1995.
Lemoine, F.G., et al, 1996:
EGM96, The NASA GSFC and NIMA Joint Geopotential Model.
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid, and Marine Geodesy, Tokyo,
Japan, September 30 -October 4, 1996.
Milbert, D.G., 1995: Improvement of a high resolution geoid height model in the U.S. by GPS height on NAVD88 benchmarks. IGeS Bulletin N.4, "New Geoids in the World", International Geoid Service, Milan, 1995, pp. 13-36.
Milbert, D.G., 1991: An accuracy assessment of the GEOID90 geoid height model for the Commonwealth of Virginia. Unnumbered Report, June 1991, Information Services Branch, National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD., 52pp.
Parks, W. and D.G. Milbert, 1995: A geoid height model for San Diego County, California, to test the effect of densifying gravity measurements on accuracy of GPS-derived orthometric heights. Surv. and Land Info. Sys., 55(1), 21-38.
Rapp, R.H. and D.A. Smith, 1994: Preliminary estimates of Gulf Stream characteristics from TOPEX data and a precise gravimetric geoid, Journal of Geodesy, v. 99, n. C12, pp. 24707-24723.
Smith, D.A., 2000: The gravitational attraction of any polygonnaly shaped vertical prism with inclined top and bottom faces, accepted for publication in Journal of Geodesy.
Smith, D.A., 1996: On the improvement of gravimetric geoid undulations and oceanographic dynamic topography through a combination with satellite altimetry and the application of a modified Kalman filter algorithm, Report No. 436, Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying, February 1996, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 154 pp.
Smith, D.A., 1992: The use of high resolution height data in the computation of high precision geoid undulations on the island of Maui. Report No. 424, Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying, September 1992, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 69pp.
Smith, D.A. and D.R. Roman, 2000: A new high resolution DEM for the Northwest United States, accepted for publication in Surveying and Land Information Systems.
Smith, D.A., M. Sartori and D.G. Milbert, 2000: Preliminary investigations toward an improved geoid model in Florida, Surveying and Land Information Systems, in review.
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