- SHORELINE
-
The intersection of the land, including man-made waterfront structures, with the water surface.
The shoreline depicted on NOS maps and charts represents the line of contact between the land and a
selected water elevation. In areas affected by tidal fluctuations, the shoreline is the interpreted mean
high water line. In confined coastal water of diminished tidal influence, the mean water level line may be
used. In non-tidal waters, the line represents the land/water interface at the time of survey. In areas
where the land is obscured by marsh grass, cypress or similar marine vegetation, the actual shoreline
can not be accurately represented. Instead, the outer limit line of the vegetation area is delineated
(where it would appear to the mariner as the shoreline) and is referred to as the apparent shoreline. (2)
- Accurate
- A modifier that indicates shoreline delineated in a regular, sufficiently controlled survey of any
date. Shoreline features with no accuracy modifier should be considered Accurate unless
specified Approximate or Estimated. (6)
- Apparent
- The outer limit line of a vegetation area, such as marsh or mangrove, delineated as shoreline; the shoreline as it would appear to the mariner. (5)
- Approximate
-
A modifier that indicates shoreline which does not meet the definition of Accurate, but is
generally considered to be within 100 feet (30.5 meters) of its correct geographic location.
Used to denote shoreline obscured by shadows or line-of-sight blockage, such as under
bridges. (6)
- Bulkhead Or Sea Wall
-
An embankment or wall for protection against waves or tidal action along a shore or water
front. (6)
- Canal
-
An artificial waterway with no flow, or a controlled flow, used for navigation, or for draining or
irrigating land. (6)
- Drydock
-
An artificial basin fitted with a gate or caisson, into which vessels can be floated and the water
pumped out to expose the vessel's bottom. Also called graving dock. (5)
- Estimated
-
A modifier that indicates shoreline which is generally considered to be outside of 100 feet (30.5
meters) of its correct geographic location .
- Glacier
-
A mass of snow and ice continuously moving from higher to lower ground or, if afloat,
continuously spreading. (6)
- Great Lake Or Lake Or Pond
-
The Great Lakes, and other small and large bodies of water entirely surrounded by land, both
natural and artificial. (6)
- Lock
-
A wet dock in a waterway, permitting a ship to pass from one level to another. (5)
- Mangrove Or Cypress
-
An area composed of one of several genera of tropical trees or shrubs which produce many
prop roots and grow along low lying coasts in shallow water; or a deciduous conifer which
thrives in swamps and tidal flows, and is found primarily in the coastal tidewaters of the Gulf of
Mexico in Florida and Mississippi. (6, 11)
- Man-made
-
Composed of artificially constructed features or non-natural materials.
- Marsh Or Swamp
-
An area made up of spongy land saturated with water. It may have a shallow covering of
water, usually with a considerable amount of vegetation appearing above the surface. (6)
- Mean High Water
-
A tidal datum. The average of all the high water heights observed over the National Tidal
Datum Epoch (19 years). For stations with shorter series, simultaneous observational
comparisons are made with a control tide station in order to derive the equivalent datum of the
National Tidal Datum. (2)
- Mean Water Level
-
A datum. The mean surface elevation as determined by averaging the heights of the water at
equal intervals of time, usually hourly. Mean water level is used in areas of little or no range in
tide. (10)
- Natural
-
Composed of naturally occurring materials, or created, or appearing to have been created, by
natural processes.
- Navigable
-
Affording passage to a craft; capable of being navigated. (5)
- Non-navigable
-
Not affording passage to a craft; incapable of being navigated. (5)
- Permanent
-
Lasting or intended to last indefinitely. (6)
- Ramp
-
A sloping structure that can be used as a landing place, at variable water levels, for small
vessels, landing ships, or a ferry boat, or for hauling a cradle carrying a vessel. (6)
- Rip Rap
-
A layer of broken rock, cobbles, boulders, or fragments of sufficient size to resist the erosive
forces of flowing water and wave action. (6)
- River Or Stream
-
A course of running water. (5)
- Ruins
-
A structure in a decayed or deteriorated condition resulting from neglect or disuse; a damaged
structure in need of repair. (5)
- Shoreline/Alongshore Feature Boundary
-
The demarcation of the inland limit, along the SHORELINE, of an ALONGSHORE
FEATURE.
- Slipway
-
A prepared and usually reinforced inclined surface on which keel- and bilge-blocks are laid for
supporting a vessel under construction. (6)
- Undetermined
-
Of unspecified and/or unknown composition.
- Wharf Or Quay
-
A structure serving as a berthing place for vessels consisting of a solid or open wall of concrete,
masonry, wood, etc. (6)
- ALONGSHORE FEATURE
-
An object that intersects, abuts, or is adjacent to and seaward of the shoreline.
- Bare
-
Always dry; not covered at high water under average meteorological conditions. (6)
- Breakwater
-
A structure protecting a shore area, harbor, anchorage, or basin from waves. (6)
- Bridge
-
A structure erected over a depression or an obstacle such as a body of water, railroad, etc., to
provide a roadway for vehicles or pedestrians. (5)
- Covers/Uncovers Or Submerged
-
Covered at high water under average meteorological conditions.
- Fender
-
A protective structure designed to cushion the impact of a vessel and prevent damage, for
example, cushioning devices adjacent to bridges. (6)
- Fixed
-
Attached to the land or seabed and having a permanent horizontal and vertical alignment. (6)
- Floating
-
Resting on the surface of the water; buoyant. (8)
- Footbridge
-
A bridge structure intended only for pedestrian traffic. (6)
- Gate
-
A moveable barrier across an opening or passageway. (8)
- Groin
-
A low artificial wall-like structure of durable material extending from the land to seaward for a
particular purpose, such as to prevent coast erosion. (6)
- Jetty
-
A structure built out into the water to restrain or direct currents, usually to protect a river mouth
or harbor entrance from silting. (5)
- Marine Railway
-
A track, usually sloping, for hauling a cradle carrying a vessel out of the water so that the hull
can be exposed. (5)
- Opening
-
Refers to a bridge, a portion of which moves to allow marine traffic to pass through the
waterway it crosses. (6)
- Pier
-
A long, narrow structure extending into the water to afford a berthing place for vessels, to serve
as a promenade, etc. (6)
- Pontoon
-
A floating structure, usually rectangular in shape used, for example, to support a bridge. (5)
- Ruins
-
A structure in a decayed or deteriorated condition resulting from neglect or disuse; a damaged
structure in need of repair. (5)
- Shoreline/Alongshore Feature Boundary
-
The demarcation of the inland limit, along the SHORELINE, of an ALONGSHORE
FEATURE.
- Training Wall
-
A wall or bank, often submerged, built to direct or confine the flow of a river or tidal current, or
to promote a scour action. (6)
- Under Construction
-
In the process of being built. (6)
- Undetermined Alongshore Feature
-
Unspecified and/or unknown type of feature.
- OBSTRUCTION POINT
-
In marine navigation, any object, such as a sunken rock or pinnacle, that hinders or prevents
movement, particularly anything that endangers or prevents passage of a vessel. (6)
- Bare
-
Always dry; not covered at high water under average meteorological conditions. (6)
- Coral
-
The hard calcareous skeletons of many types of marine polyps. (6)
- Covers/Uncovers
-
Periodically extending above and being submerged below the surface of the water. Also
referred to as dries or uncovers. (6)
- Mast
-
A straight vertical piece of timber or a hollow cylinder. (6)
- Obstruction
-
An OBSTRUCTION POINT feature, the nature of which is undetermined or unspecified.
- Rock
-
Any formation of natural origin that constitutes an integral part of the lithosphere. The naturally
occurring material that forms firm, hard, and solid masses. (6)
- Snag Or Stump
-
A tree, branch or broken pile embedded in the ocean floor, river, or lake bottom, forming
thereby a hazard to vessels. (6)
- Submerged
-
Always under water; covered by water at all times under average meteorological conditions.
(6)
- Wreck
-
The ruined remains of a vessel which has been rendered useless. (5)
- OBSTRUCTION LINEAR
-
In marine navigation, any continuous, non-isolated danger that hinders or prevents movement,
particularly anything that endangers or prevents passage of a vessel. (6)
- Bare
-
Always dry; not covered at high water under average meteorological conditions. (6)
- Covers/Uncovers
-
Periodically extending above and being submerged below the surface of the water. Also
referred to as dries or uncovers. (6)
- Crib
-
A permanent structure set in the water, framed with wooden beams and usually filled with rocks
or boulders. A crib is generally used to anchor log booms or support other constructions, e.g.
submerged outfalls, water intakes, etc. (6)
- Dangerous
-
Perilous, hazardous, or unsafe to maritime navigation.
- Floating Drydock
-
An artificial basin, resting on the surface of the water and fitted with a gate or caisson, into
which vessels can be floated and the water pumped out to expose the vessel's bottom. Also
called graving dock. (5)
- Fish Facility
-
A structure in shallow water related to the fishing industry. (6)
- Fish Stakes
-
A group of poles or stakes placed in shallow water to outline a fishing ground or to catch fish.
(6)
- Fish Trap
-
A structure (usually portable) for catching fish. (6)
- Floating
-
Resting on the surface of the water; buoyant. (8)
- Floating Barrier
-
A structure resting on the surface of the water which may be used to constrain the movement of
water-borne objects or materials.
- Hull
-
The main structure of a vessel. (1)
- Log Boom
-
A device used to contain floating timbers.
- Mineral
-
Relating to a structure associated with oil and gas exploration, production, etc.
- Non-dangerous
-
Considered not perilous, hazardous, or unsafe to maritime navigation.
- Observation
-
Relating to a structure which provides visual access to the surrounding area, e.g., a duck blind.
- Obstruction
-
An OBSTRUCTION LINEAR feature, the nature of which is undetermined or unspecified.
- Oil Barrier
-
A floating tube-shaped structure, with a curtain hanging under it, below the surface, which
prevents the spread of oil. (6)
- Permanently Docked Vessel
-
A ship or other marine vessel which is attached to a pier, wharf, etc., and which does not or is
not intended to move. Examples could include museum ships or floating restaurants.
- Platform
-
A structure erected on or over the seabed. (7)
- Ruins
-
A structure in a decayed or deteriorated condition resulting from neglect or disuse; a damaged
structure in need of repair. (5)
- Submerged
-
Always under water; covered by water at all times under average meteorological conditions.
(6)
- Undetermined
-
An unspecified and/or unknown type of feature.
- Wreck
-
The ruined remains of a vessel which has been rendered useless. (5)
- FREESTANDING MARINE FEATURE
-
A fixed, isolated object consisting of an oblong member or group of members, and related to
maritime functions.
- Bare
-
Always dry; not covered at high water under average meteorological conditions. (6)
- Covers/Uncovers
-
Periodically extending above and being submerged below the surface of the water. Also
referred to as dries or uncovers. (6)
- Dolphin
-
A post or group of posts used for mooring or warping a vessel, or as an aid to navigation. (6)
- Pile
-
A long heavy timber or section of steel, wood, concrete, etc. forced into the earth, which may
serve as a support, as for a pier, or a free standing pole within a marine environment. (6)
- Ruins
-
A structure in a decayed or deteriorated condition resulting from neglect or disuse; a damaged
structure in need of repair. (5)
- Stake
-
A thin, elongated wood or metal pole embedded in the bottom to serve as a marker or support.
(6)
- Submerged
-
Always under water; covered by water at all times under average meteorological conditions.
(6)
- Tripodal
-
A single structure comprising 3 or more piles held together and forced into the earth or seabed.
(6)
- LANDMARK
-
Any fixed natural or artificial object, generally on land, which is prominent from seaward and
can be used in determining a vessel's direction or position. The term excludes objects expressly
erected for navigational purposes such as lights or daybeacons.
- Chimney Or Stack
-
A vertical structure containing a passage or flue for discharging smoke and gasses. (6)
- Cross
-
A monument, or other structure in the form of a cross. (6)
- Dish Antenna
-
A parabolic antenna for the receipt and/or transmission of high frequency radio signals. (6)
- Dome Or Cupola
-
A hemispherical or spheroidal structure rising from a building. (6, 7)
- Flagpole
-
A staff or pole on which flags are raised. (6)
- Flare Stack
-
A tall structure used for burning-off waste oil or gas. (6)
- Grain Elevator
-
A structure used for storing grain. Usually a tall frame, metal, or concrete structure with a
compartmented interior. (6)
- Mast
-
A straight vertical piece of timber or a hollow cylinder. (6)
- Other
-
Of an unspecified nature.
- Recommended Landmark
-
A fixed object which may be of value for inclusion on a NOAA nautical chart, since it may be
useful in determining a vessel's direction or position.
- Silo
-
A cylindrical tower used for storing fodder or grain. (6)
- Spire Or Minaret
-
A tall conical or pyramid-shaped structure often built on the roof or tower of a building,
especially a church or mosque. (6)
- Tank
-
A fixed container generally used for storing liquids. (6)
- Tower
-
A relatively tall structure which may be used for observation, support, storage, communication,
etc. (6)
- Water Tower
-
A tower with an elevated container used to hold water. (6)
- Windmill
-
A wind driven system of vanes attached to a tower-like structure (excluding wind-generated
power plants). (6)
- AID TO NAVIGATION
-
A fixed, man-made structure or device designed to assist in determining a vessel's position and
safe course, and to warn of dangers or obstructions.
- Daybeacon
-
An unlighted, fixed structure which is equipped with a daymark (a marker presenting one of
several standard shapes and colors) for daytime identification. (3)
- Lighthouse
-
A building on some conspicuous point of the coast, a pier or jetty, an island or rock, from
which a light is exhibited at night as an aid to navigation. (7)
- Marine Light
-
A luminous device which may be used at night or in poor visibility to assist in maritime
navigation.
- Pile
-
A long heavy timber or section of steel, wood, concrete, etc. forced into the earth, which may
serve as a support, as for a pier, or a free standing pole within a marine environment. (6)
- Tower
-
A relatively tall structure which may be used for observation, support, storage, communication,
etc. (6)
- Tripodal
-
A single structure comprising 3 or more piles held together, and forced into the earth or seabed.
(6)
- CULTURAL FEATURE MISCELLANEOUS
-
Any man-made object which may be of importance to the mariner, but is not included in other
classes.
- Aerial Cable
-
Overhead cables supporting buckets, cable cars, etc. (6)
- Building
-
A relatively permanent structure, roofed and usually walled, designed for some particular use.
(6)
- Cable
-
An assembly of wires or fibers, or a wire rope or chain. (6)
- Conveyor Belt
-
A moving chain or band along which material or people are transported. (6)
- Dam
-
A barrier to hold back water and raise its level to form a reservoir, or to prevent flooding. (6)
- Fence
-
A man-made barrier used as an enclosure or boundary, or for protection. (6)
- Ferry Cable
-
The guide cable for a ferry that follows a fixed route. (6)
- Fort
-
A fortified structure, building, or partition able to be defended against an enemy. (6)
- General Transport
-
A device used in the movement of materials or people.
- Grain Elevator
-
A structure used for storing grain. Usually a tall frame, metal, or concrete structure with a
compartmented interior. (6)
- Levee Or Dike
-
An artificial embankment to contain or hold back water. (6)
- Overhead
-
Refers to an object which is supported by pylons and passing over or nearby navigable waters.
- Pipeline
-
A string of interconnected pipes used for the transport of matter, usually oil or gas. (5)
- Silo
-
A cylindrical tower used for storing fodder or grain. (6)
- Submerged
-
Always under water; covered by water at all times under average meteorological conditions.
(6)
- Submerged Or Surface
-
Refers to an object which lies at or below the water level, or upon the land.
- Tank
-
A fixed container generally used for storing liquids. (6)
- Wall
-
A fence constructed from masonry or stone. (6)
- Water Tower
-
A tower with an elevated container used to hold water. (6)
- TRANSPORTATION
-
The means of carrying, moving, or conveying from one place to another. (8)
- Abandoned
-
No longer used for the purpose intended; disused. (7)
- Helicopter Pad
-
A small designated area, usually with a prepared surface, on a heliport, airport, landing/takeoff
area, apron/ramp, or movement area used for takeoff, landing, or parking of helicopters. (9)
- Path
-
A way or track for walking or light vehicle traffic. (6)
- Railroad
-
A set of parallel rails on which a train or tram runs. (8)
- Road
-
An open way with a prepared surface for the passage of vehicles. (6)
- Runway
-
A defined rectangular area on a land airport prepared for the landing and takeoff run of aircraft
along its length. (9)
- Tunnel Entrance
-
The visible terminus of a passage that is buried under the seabed, laid over the sea floor, or
bored under the ground. (6)
- NATURAL FEATURE MISCELLANEOUS
-
Any non-man-made object which may be of importance to the mariner, but is not included in
other classes.
- Cliff Or Bluff
-
A line marking the top of a slope that rises abruptly for a considerable distance above the water
or surrounding land. (6)
- Extent
-
The spatial limits of an area feature.
- Glacier
-
A mass of snow and ice continuously moving from higher to lower ground or, if afloat,
continuously spreading. (6)
- Intermittent
-
Recurring at intervals. (6)
- Landslide
-
The scar left by a mass of land which has slid down a steep slope; may include the mass of land
which has so slid. (6)
- Lava
-
The substance that results from the cooling of molten rock. (6)
- Mangrove Or Cypress
-
An area composed of one of several genera of tropical trees or shrubs which produce many
prop roots and grow along low lying coasts in shallow water; or a deciduous conifer which
thrives in swamps and tidal flows, and is found primarily in the coastal tidewaters of the Gulf of
Mexico in Florida and Mississippi. (6, 11)
- Marsh Or Swamp
-
An area made up of spongy land saturated with water. It may have a shallow covering of
water, usually with a considerable amount of vegetation appearing above the surface. (6)
- Moraine
-
Any accumulation of loose material deposited by a glacier. (6)
- Perennial
-
Lasting indefinitely; enduring. (8)
- Rapids
-
Any portion of a stream with accelerated current, descending rapidly, but without a break in the
slope of the bed sufficient to form a waterfall. (5)
- Sand Dune
-
A mound, ridge, or hill of drifted sand along the coast. (6)
- Stream
-
A course of running water. (5)
- Waterfall
-
A sudden descent of water over a step in the bed of a river. (6)
- DANGER AREA
-
A spatial extent in the marine environment which may contain hazards or perils to maritime
navigation.
- Bare
-
Always dry; not covered at high water under average meteorological conditions. (6)
- Breakers
-
Waves that break over areas of shallow water. (6)
- Covers/Uncovers
-
Periodically extending above and being submerged below the surface of the water. Also
referred to as dries or uncovers. (6)
- Foul
-
An area of numerous unidentified dangers to navigation which are not individually located . (6)
- Ledge
-
A rocky formation continuous with and fringing the shore. (6)
- Reef
-
A rocky or coral elevation dangerous to surface navigation which may or may not uncover at
the sounding datum. A rocky reef is always detached from shore; a coral reef may or may not
be connected with the shore. (7)
- Shallow
-
An area composed of unconsolidated material where the depth of water is relatively less than its
surroundings. (5)
- Shoal
-
An offshore hazard to surface navigation that is composed of unconsolidated material. (6)
- Submerged
-
Always under water; covered by water at all times under average meteorological conditions.
(6)
- Wreckage
-
The scattered remains of one or more stranded or sunken vessels.
- AQUATIC VEGETATION AREA
-
A spatial extent in the marine environment characterized by the presence of living plant matter
which in its natural form grows under water or is inundated with water.
- Grass In Water
-
A non-woody stemmed vascular plant (which may or may not be a true grass) which is
attached to the bottom below the sounding datum. (7)
- Kelp
-
A giant plant sometimes 60 meters long with no roots, it is anchored by hold-fasts or tendrils up
to 10 meters long, that cling to rock. Gas filled bubbles on fronds act as floats keeping the kelp
just below the surface. (6)
- Sea Grass
-
Marine flowering plant which usually grows in shallow, subtidal, or intertidal unconsolidated
sediments. Eelgrass is one of the best known examples. (4, 6)
- CONTOUR
-
A line connecting points of equal value.
- Accurate
-
A modifier that indicates contours delineated in a regular, sufficiently controlled survey of any
date. Contour features with no accuracy modifier should be considered Accurate unless
specified Approximate. (6)
- Approximate
-
A modifier that indicates a contour which does not meet the definition ofAccurate, but is
generally considered to be within 100 feet (30.5 meters) of its correct geographic location.
Used to denote contours obscured by shadows or line-of-sight blockage, such as under
bridges. (6)
- Depth Contour
-
A line connecting points of equal water depth. (6)
- Elevation Contour
-
A line connecting points of equal elevation. (5)
- VERTICAL MEASUREMENT
-
An expression of the distance of an isolated point above or below a specified datum. (6)
- Coral
-
The hard calcareous skeletons of many types of marine polyps. (6)
- Obstruction
-
In marine navigation, any object, the nature of which is undetermined, that hinders or prevents
movement, particularly anything that endangers or prevents passage of a vessel.
- Rock
-
Any formation of natural origin that constitutes an integral part of the lithosphere. The naturally
occurring material that forms firm, hard, and solid masses. (5)
- Sounding
-
Measured or charted depth of water. (5)
- Spot Elevation
-
A measured point indicating the height above a specified vertical datum. (5)
- Wreck
-
The ruined remains of a vessel which has been rendered useless. (5)
- CARTOGRAPHIC LIMIT
-
A user-defined line drawn for cartographic convention or due to source data limitations.
- Feature Limit
-
The extent of feature delineation.
- Low Visibility Limit
-
The extent of compilation restrictions due to an obscured or inadequate data source.
- Source Data Limit
-
The extent of the data source used for compilation.
- User Added Line
-
A connection of linear features created during the GIS
processing to eliminate gaps for the purpose of maintaining continuity.
- REFERENCES
-
The following is a list of sources from which many of the definitions in this glossary were derived.
The number in parentheses following a definition refers to the numbered entries below. The absence of a
number after a definition indicates that the term was defined by National Geodetic Survey/Remote
Sensing Division personnel.
-
- Bradford, Gershom. The Mariner's Dictionary. New York: Weathervane Books, 1952.
- "Coastal Mapping Program Operations Manual, Chapter 12, Cartographic Feature Definitions".
2nd Edition. United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Ocean Service, National Geodetic Survey, Remote Sensing Division,
August 1999.
- "Coast Pilot Manual". 5th Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, 1994.
- Fonesca, Mark S., W. Judson Kenworthy, and Gordon W. Thayer. "Guidelines for the
Conservation and Restoration of Seagrasses in the United States and Adjacent Waters".
NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 12. U.S. Department of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Coastal Ocean Office.
November, 1998.
- Hydrographic Dictionary, Part I, Volume I, English, Special Publication No. 32. 5th Edition.
Monaco: International Hydrographic Organization, 1994.
- IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data, Special Publication No. 57. 3rd
Edition. Monaco: International Hydrographic Bureau, 1996.
- "Nautical Chart Manual, Volume Two: Definitions, Abbreviations, Symbology & References". 7th
Edition. U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1992.
- The Random House College Dictionary. Revised Edition, Jess Stein ed. New York: Random
House, 1980.
- "Standards for Aeronautical Surveys and Related Products, FAA No. 405". 4th Edition. U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, September, 1996.
- Tide and Current Glossary. http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/glohttp://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/glossary/gloss_m.html000).
- Wood Products Council. (2 May 2000).
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