25
EXECUTION
OF SURVEYS
SOURCES OF ERROR
SOURCES OF ERROR
Errors may be
characterized as random, systematic, or blunders
Random error in leveling results represent the effect of
unpredictable variations
in the instruments, the environment, and the procedure of leveling
Random error cannot be
completely eliminated, although it can be kept small
Therefore, it
represents the noise level, a limit on the accuracy with which leveling may measure elevation differences
